I completed my PhD in Education Sciences at the Institute for Research on Education at the University of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. I am currently the head of the consulting firm JL, Studies and Research, and an associate researcher at the National Institute of Science and Technology Policy in Japan. With twenty years of experience at Céreq, I specialize in the relationship between education and employment, as well as in the analysis of PhD graduates’ career paths. My doctoral dissertation, entitled “The Professionalization of the PhD: Towards a Segmentation of Doctoral Training and Career Paths?”, focused on the evolving professional nature of doctoral education.