This study investigates how perceived similarity between PhD candidates and their supervisors affects candidates’ work engagement. Drawing on social psychology and work psychology, similarity can involve demographic characteristics (e.g., gender), individual traits (e.g., values), or shared perceptions (e.g., “shared reality”). We test the predictive effect of perceived similarity on PhD candidates’ engagement, as well as the mediating role of supervision relationship quality. Data were collected through an online questionnaire completed by PhD candidates.